Afghanistan today has the second highest maternal and infant mortality rates in the world. After nearly thirty years of war and occupation, the nation's medical system has been devastated and its doctors and other medical personnel are poorly trained. Afghans hoped that the U.S. invasion in October 2001, which initially routed the Taliban regime, would bring improvements in women's health and education, but the rights of Afghan women to adequate healthcare are still denied.
In MOTHERLAND AFGHANISTAN, Afghan-American filmmaker Sedika Mojadidi vividly reveals the extent of this tragedy by documenting the 2003 return to Afghanistan of her father, an OB/GYN who emigrated to the U.S. in 1972, as he attempts to rehabilitate Kabul's Rabia Balkhi Hospital, the largest women's hospital in the country, with the promised support of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
After waiting four months for desperately-needed equipment and supplies, and struggling to work amidst frustrating and heartbreaking conditions—the staff must take up a collection to buy medical supplies at a local pharmacy and the only indication of U.S. sponsorship is that the hospital's maternity ward has been named for Laura Bush—Dr. Mojadidi acknowledges that he has made a "huge mistake" in accepting the position and returns home. Two years later, he returns to Afghanistan again, this time to work with an Afghan NGO to train the staff at a large rural hospital.
At both the Kabul and rural hospitals, MOTHERLAND AFGHANISTAN movingly documents his heroic efforts to make a difference, including training the hospital staff, performing difficult operations to deliver premature babies, operating to repair life-threatening pelvic damage incurred during childbirth, and confronting shocking situations of domestic violence against women. The film also relates its moving story through archival footage and photos, a visit to a local orphanage, scenes of Kabul's devastated cityscape, and interviews with Dr. Mojadidi and his wife, patients and their families, and hospital staff members.
As Dr. Mojadidi declares, in order to stop the abuse of women and prevent the high maternity and infant death rates, it will be necessary to educate Afghanistan's women and children about their rights. Despite the U.S. Government's highly-publicized claims to improvements in Afghanistan, MOTHERLAND AFGHANISTAN reveals that far more financing and human resources will be needed to significantly improve women's health care in this beleaguered nation.

First Run Icarus Film"Motherland Afghanistan" Last updated 14 February 2007. Retrieved 15 February 2007 <http://www.frif.com/new2006/afgh.html>

mother land movie

Mother land movie is a film has made by a dauther of an Afghan American doctor. Her name is Sedika Mujadadi and her father is a doctor and his name is Qudratullah Mujadadi. He studed medical school in Afhghanistan then he went ot US for getting his master's detree, his wife is also a coctor. After finishing his study he return to Afghanistan to serve people. But by the time of Sovet invad to Afghanistan he black listed by communism ragiem and he had to leave the country and again he immagreted to US.

During the time of Jehad he came to Pakistan to help refugees and displaced people of Afghanistan and he stublished a holpetal in Jalalabad(infurtunatly destoyed by taliban) he was working in Peshawar and Qutacities to help People.

After toppling Taliban ragem, again he retun to Afghanistan and he start workig in Rabia Balkhi women hospital by funding of US government. By the time he was working in Rabia Balkhi hospital he didn't recieve any aid from US government and he leave the hospital and went back to US. After a time he came back to Afghanistan and had a trip to rural areas observing the health condition of people in suburbs. Also he was in charge of some madical training of doctors in Afghanistan.

written by Ali,



MOTHERLAND AFGHANISTAN retrieved 13 February 2007
www.motherlandafghanistan

I think to know why, I Don't know why

I think to know Why, I Don't know Why

I want to know exactly just why
So quickly
Lickidy splitly
we are all the same kind
Standing in a line

why do we have to hear it
Why do we have to see it
Why do we have to speak it
Why do we have to be it

I don't know why
I think I know why
I think I know why
I don't know why

Me a nd a brother was talking to each other
But what we have done in this life
We told our stories
Made them most glorious

We both know we had lied
Both knew, but we had to try
Both knew that we are friends
Both knew we'd do it again

I don't know why
I think I know why
I think I know why
I don't know why

We lie
To make them feel good
We lie
To make them feel bad
We lie
To get what we want
We lie
To get rid of what we don't

I don't know why
I think I know why
I think I kow why
I don't know why

Our government lies
Oru fathers lie
Our mothers lie
Our schools lie
Our sisters lie
Our brothers lie
Our systems lie

I don't know why
I think I know why
I think I know why
I don't know why

getting ready for exame

Almost all students are worry about exam. It is common all throughout the world. and every individual use their own experience to get ready about exams. And the common way are scamming and scanning, most students spend their times waste but during the exam's' nights they are in harry and they just are looking quickly by their eyes. According to many educator specialists it is a wrong way of studying.

Students must allocate their time in appropriate parts and divide their studying in to fixed schedule time it will help them to be success in their academic fields.

Information about Bamyn(specially for my dear sister"Suci")

Bamyan lies on the Silk Road, a caravan route linking the markets of China with those of India, Central Asia, Middle East, and Europe. It was the site of several Buddhist and Hindu monasteries, and a thriving center for religion, philosophy, and Greco-Buddhist art. It was a Buddhist religious site from the second century up to the time of the Islamic invasion in the ninth century.
Monks at the monasteries lived as hermits in small caves carved into the side of the Bamyan cliffs. Many of these monks embellished their caves with religious statuary and elaborate, brightly-colored frescoes.
The two most prominent statues were the giant, standing Buddhas, measuring 55 and 37 meters (180 and 121 feet) high respectively, the largest examples of standing Buddha carvings in the world. They were perhaps the most famous cultural landmarks of the region and the site was listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site along with surrounding cultural landscape and archaeological remains of the Bamyan Valley.
The smaller of the two statues was built in the year 507 AD. The larger one was constructed in 554 [3]. The statues are believed to have been built by the Kushans and Indo-Hephthalites (both eastern Indo-European peoples) at the heyday of their empires. The above mentioned groups were the ancestors of the Hazaras, the most persecuted ethnic group in Afghanistan. [4] Physical and facial features of the Hazaras are greatly similar to those in the frescoes found in the ancient relics and caves. Furthermore, considering the historical importance of the Buddhas of Bamiyan, unsuccessful claims over the Buddha heritage have been made by all the ethnic groups in Afghanistan.
The Hazaras protected the Buddhas for over 1600 years until their destruction at the hands of Pashtun dominated Taliban in 2001.
Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Hsüan-tsang (Xuanzang) passed through the area around 630 CE and described Bamyan as a flourishing Buddhist center "with more than ten monasteries and more than a thousand monks", and he noted that both Buddha figures were "decorated with gold and fine jewels" (Wriggins, 1995). Xuan Zang's account is intriguing as he mentions a third, even larger, reclining statue of Buddha[1]; although it is generally believed destroyed, some archaeological expeditions are searching for it.
A monumental sitting Buddha similar in style to those at Bamyan still exists in the Bingling Temple caves in China's Gansu province.

[edit] Destruction
When Mahmud of Ghazni conquered Afghanistan in the 12th century, the Buddhas and frescoes were spared from destruction. Aurangzeb, the last Mughal emperor distinguished for his religious zeal, employed heavy artillery in an attempt to destroy the statues[citation needed]. Nadir Shah, too, had cannon fire directed at the statues. But over the centuries the statues had largely been left untouched.
In July 1999, Mullah Mohammed Omar issued a decree in favor of the preservation of the Bamyan Buddhas. Because Afghanistan's Buddhist population no longer existed, which removed the possibility of the statues being worshiped, he added: "The government considers the Bamyan statues as an example of a potential major source of income for Afghanistan from international visitors. The Taliban states that Bamyan shall not be destroyed but protected." [5]
Afghanistan's Islamist clerics would begin a campaign to crack down on "un-Islamic" segments of Afghan society. The Taliban soon banned all forms of imagery, music and sports, including television, in accordance with what they considered a strict interpretation of Islamic law [6].
In March 2001, according to Agence France Presse in Kabul, the decree declared, "Based on the verdict of the clergymen and the decision of the Supreme Court of the Islamic Emirate (Taliban) all the statues around Afghanistan must be destroyed. All the statues in the country should be destroyed because these statues have been used as idols and deities by the non-believers before. They are respected now and may be turned into idols in future too. Only Allah, the Almighty, deserves to be worshiped, not anyone or anything else."
Information and Culture Minister Qadratullah Jamal told Associated Press of a decision by 400 religious clerics from across Afghanistan declaring the Buddhist statues against the tenets of Islam. "They came out with a consensus that the statues were un-Islamic," said Jamal.
On March 6, the London Times quoted Mullah Mohammed Omar as stating, "Muslims should be proud of smashing idols. It has given praise to God that we have destroyed them." He had clearly changed his position from being in favor of the statues to being against them. During a March 13 interview for Japan's Mainichi Shimbun, Afghan Foreign Minister Wakil Ahmad Mutawakel stated that the destruction was anything but a retaliation against the international community for economic sanctions: "We are destroying the Buddha statues in accordance with Islamic law and it is purely a religious issue".
On March 18, The New York Times reports that a Taliban envoy said the Islamic government made its decision in a rage after a foreign delegation offered money to preserve the ancient works while a million Afghans faced starvation. The New York Times also added, however, that other reports "have said the religious leaders were debating the move for months, and ultimately decided that the statues were idolatrous and should be obliterated."
Then Taliban Ambassador-at-large, (and current Yale non-degree program student) Sayed Rahmatullah Hashemi, said that the destruction of the statues was carried out during the famine in Afghanistan after the Swedish government earmarked money to be provided to restore the statues and refused to allow it to be used to aid Afghan Children. Hashimi is reported as saying: "When the Afghani head council asked them to provide the money to feed the children instead of fixing the statues, they refused and said, 'No, the money is just for the statues, not for the children'. Herein, they made the decision to destroy the statues" [7].
On April 19, 2004, in an interview to a Pakistani journalist Mohammad Shehzad, Mullah Mohammad Omar said the following, "I did not want to destroy the Bamyan Buddha. In fact, some foreigners came to me and said they would like to conduct the repair work of the Bamyan Buddha that had been slightly damaged due to rains. This shocked me. I thought, these callous people have no regard for thousands of living human beings — the Afghans who are dying of hunger, but they are so concerned about non-living objects like the Buddha. This was extremely deplorable. That is why I ordered its destruction. Had they come for humanitarian work, I would have never ordered the Buddhas' destruction."
The Islamist Taliban government decreed that the statues, which had survived intact for over 1,500 years, were idolatrous and un-Islamic. During the destruction, Taliban Information Minister Qudratullah Jamal lamented that, "this work of destruction is not as simple as people might think. You can't knock down the statues by shelling as both are carved into a cliff; they are firmly attached to the mountain." The two largest Buddhas faced dynamite and tank barrages and were demolished after almost a month of intensive bombardment.

Calendar commemorating the destruction
According to UNESCO Director-General Koïchiro Matsuura, a meeting of ambassadors from the 54 member states of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) was conducted. All OIC states - including Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, three countries that officially recognised the Taliban government - joined the protest to spare the monuments (CNN). A statement issued by the ministry of religious affairs of Taliban regime justified the destruction as being in accordance with Islamic law AFP News. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates would later condemn the destruction as "savage." A Swiss documentary reported that locals claimed to have seen Pakistani and Saudi engineers on site to help with the destruction of the statues.[8]. A Pakistani charity, Al Rasheed Trust, based in Karachi, had published a special calendar with photographs of the destructions to commemorate the destruction.

[edit] Commitment to rebuild
Though the figures of the two large Buddhas are almost completely destroyed, their outlines and some features are still recognizable within the recesses. It is also still possible for visitors to explore the monks' caves and the passages which connect them. As part of the international effort to rebuild Afghanistan after the Taliban war, the Government of Japan and several other organizations, among them the Afghanistan Institute in Bubendorf, Switzerland, along with the ETH in Zurich, have committed themselves to rebuilding the two largest Buddhas; anastylosis is one technique being considered.

[edit] Recent developments
In May 2002, a mountainside sculpture of the Buddha was carved out of a mountain in Sri Lanka. It was designed to closely resemble one of the Buddhas of Bamyan.
In December 2004, Japanese researchers discovered that the wall paintings at Bamyan were actually painted between the 5th and the 9th centuries, rather than the 6th to 8th centuries as previously believed. The discovery was made by analysing radioactive isotopes contained in straw fibers found beneath the paintings. Further discoveries are expected to be made after comparing the paintings' dates and styles.
The Afghan government has commissioned Japanese artist Hiro Yamagata to recreate the Bamyan Buddhas using fourteen laser systems to project the images of the Buddhas onto the cliff where they once stood. The laser systems will be solar-powered and wind-powered. The project, which will cost an estimated $9 million, is currently pending UNESCO approval. If approved, the project is estimated to be completed by June 2009.
In September 2005, Mawlawi Mohammed Islam Mohammadi, Taliban governor of Bamyan province at the time of the destruction and widely seen as responsible for its occurrence, was elected to the Afghan Parliament. On January 26, 2007, he was gunned down in Kabul on the way to prayers. Whether his killing was in retaliation for the destruction of the statues was not immediately known.
Swiss filmmaker Christian Frei made a 95-minute documentary "The Giant Buddhas" (released in March 2006), on the statues, the international reactions to it, and an overview of the controversy. The movie makes the controversial claim (quoting a local Afghan) that the destruction was ordered by Osama Bin Laden and that initially, Mullah Omar and the Afghans in Bamyan had opposed the destruction (Times of India Mar 27 2006).
In the summer of 2006, Afghan officials were deciding the timetable for the re-construction of the statues. The mullahs in the province have stated that the destruction was an atrocity and the statues deserve restoration. While they wait for the Afghan government and international community to decide whether to rebuild them, a $1.3 million UNESCO-funded project is sorting out the chunks of clay and plaster — ranging from boulders weighing several tons to fragments the size of tennis balls — and sheltering them from the elements.

Learning
, as the noun, is the body of knowledge and wisdom (that which one learns); as the verb, it is the process of gaining understanding that leads to the modification of attitudes and behaviors through the acquisition of knowledge, skills and values, through study and experience. Learning induces a persistent, measurable, and specified behavioral change in the learner to formulate a new mental construct or revise a prior mental construct. The learning process leads to long-term changes in behavior potential. Behavior potential describes an individual’s possible behavior in a given situation to achieve a goal. But potential is not enough; if individual learning is not periodically reinforced, it becomes shallower and shallower, and eventually will be lost in that individual.
Education can be defined as the conscious attempt to promote learning in others. Traditionally, analysis of this attempt has centered around direct teaching on the part of teachers. In what constitutes a paradigm shift, however, people now note that learning can be promoted in ways that go beyond direct instruction by a teacher--education now centers around creating a viable, productive learning environment, regardless of how teacher-centric that environment might be.
When the term education is combined with entertainment, the term edutainment is coined. Edutainment also called "e-learning" are new methods and practices that enabled learning in faster, more efficient and more entertaining ways. The idea is usually to combine games with learning, using software or interactive courses. There are also blogs on edutainment that keep up with the latest news and updates on software, videos, and lessons that use edutainment as a basis for teaching in a more efficient and faster way. E-learning is more specifically related to "electronic learning." This may or may not be edutainment. Many distance education programs use electronic teaching methodologies (courseware) to facilitate the educational process; these programs will often talk about doing "e-learning."

study

when we are thinking about study, we will be face with questions like; how should we study? and when should we study? where should we study? These are common questions which are coming to our mind.
According to experts, we should study when we really you are willing to study. Never push yourself to study when you are exhausted or you are so tired. On the other hand, schedule your time. You should have specific time for study. Never study when there is so noise or crowd, because you can not concentrate on your studying. Find a calm and quite place, then begin studying.These issues will help you to learn what you are studying with long term memory.

thanks

Ali